Very delicate operation in the digital environment is certainly back up the data according to their importance. Is just to prevent any damage hardware/software to be ready for this kind of unpleasant situations.

There are several types of software to meet everyone's needs, according to the user. What is proposed is used from the command line and via ad hoc configuration you can set a cron table so that backups are performed automatically.

Clearly by the crond daemon you can schedule daily, weekly and monthly operations of the various data storage. But not only. This operation can be performed at fixed times determined by the user.

The test was performed backup with rsync configured on Archlinux. The settings are valid for any GNU /Linux. Let a " pacman -S rsync ". For our basic setup will not need to set or modify any particular item.

Rsync options are many. The purpose of the article is a basic configuration of the software in order to have a backup quickly and safely.

We recall the command rsync -avz /folder/source /folder/destination and see that once launched the command destination folder choice we will populate with the information given in the source folder.

Understandably we can add many source folders having the same destination folder, or even have a source folder and folders more destinations. This is completely full description of the user who uses it. Particularly depends on the kind of fussiness.

Decided folders that perform various backup you need to know what each will be made. Dispassionate advice is to evaluate the importance of their data. Maybe lose the mp3 songs is certainly less important than losing e-mail, OpenOffice or data file system configuration.

Based on these principles put the music up a monthly, weekly for mail and configuration data and work we can set a daily basis.

Who is responsible for operations management system is planned by the crond daemon.

Navigate to the folder /etc/cron and then with a game tab, you can configure backups for the following periods:

# cd /etc/cron.
cron.d/       cron.daily/   cron.hourly/  cron.monthly/ cron.weekly/

To schedule a weekly task simply access the directory /etc/cron.weekly and create a text file populated this way:

#!/bin/bash
rsync -avz /dir/sorgente /dir/destinazione &> /dev/null

Save with the name. The configuration is complete. The backup will start at 6 PM every weekend.

Take note also that crond order to accomplish the transactions you request to be placed in/etc/rc.conf between daemons to run at startup.

To set a preset time instead of the command syntax is as follows:

Date and time fields with their allowed values

  minuts                        0-59
  hours                         0-23
  day of the month              1-31
  month                         1-12
  day of the week               0-7

Examples

• midnight and a minute of every day

1 0 * * * rsync -avz /folder/source /folder/destination

• at 4:05 every Sunday morning

5 4 * * sun rsync -avz /folder/source /folder/destination

• 7.30 in the morning of days

30 7 * * 1-5 rsync -avz /folder/source /folder/destination

As you can see it has full possession of what setting you are using ad-hoc options even more special. Another solution is to edit the crontab and set with a table similar to that seen shortly before.

If you are habitual to take the personal computer/laptop on constantly will not have trouble creating files that will be read daily, weekly or monthly basis via /etc/crond.daily - cron.weekly and so on. If you have a particular need is to set a table of cron to schedule according to the options displayed.

For a more comprehensive and effective reference to manual pages using man pages man rsync and cron.

Who uses GNU / Linux software will have heard of conky able, through complete customization by the user to create a very nice desktop for monitoring components such as CPU load, swap usage, saturation occurs hd and bandwidth.

The software listed above is commonly available repository of the various Linux distributions. Who, as in my case, use Archlinux, you can install it using `` pacman - S conky ``.

Once installed, you must change the basic settings that are not as pleasing to the eye when conky is started. That comes into play several configurations. If you want an idea you can check this link: http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=39906

As you can see there are different configurations shared by users. This below is my:

alignment top_right
background yes                          # fork process

color0 1C1C1C                           # section header

double_buffer yes                       # may reduce flicker
default_color BBBBBB
draw_outline no                         # draw text outline
draw_shades no                          # draw shades

gap_x 10                                # right (x) / top (y) screen-gaps
gap_y 45

own_window yes                          # required with nautilus
own_window_type override
own_window_transparent yes
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager

update_interval 3.0                     # update interval in seconds
use_spacer yes                          # prevent shifting when output changes

use_xft yes                             # font settings
xftalpha 0.8
xftfont andale mono:size=8
uppercase no

# Note: cpugraph, downspeedgraph, & upspeedgraph colors
# Gradient1: ffffff - white
# Gradient2: 00A2FF - bright / light blue

TEXT                                    # the following creates onscreen format

${color0}${font openlogos:bold:size=20}Archlinux$font $nodename > ${uptime} ${hr 1}$color
$sysname $kernel / $machine
${if_running gmpc}

${endif}
${color0}CPU  > ${freq}MHz ${hr 1}$color
Avg. Load Over 1, 5, 15 minutes: ${loadavg}
Current Load: $cpu% $cpubar
${cpugraph 15,310 ffffff 00A2FF}

${color0}PROCESSES  > ${processes} / ${running_processes} ${hr 1}$color
NAME                     PID       CPU%      MEM%
${top name 1}         ${top pid 1}   ${top cpu 1}    ${top mem 1}
${top name 2}         ${top pid 2}   ${top cpu 2}    ${top mem 2}
${top name 3}         ${top pid 3}   ${top cpu 3}    ${top mem 3}
${top name 4}         ${top pid 4}   ${top cpu 4}    ${top mem 4}

${color0}MEMORY / SWAP > $memmax / $swapmax ${hr 1}$color
RAM :  $mem / $memperc%${alignr}${membar 6,130}
Swap:  $swap / $swapperc%${alignr}${swapbar 6,130}
I/O :  ${diskio}${alignr}${diskiograph 6,130}

${color0}DISK > /dev/sda ${hr 1}$color
/      (    sdc09):  ${fs_free /} / ${fs_free_perc /}%  ${fs_bar 6 /}
/home  (    sdc10):  ${fs_free /home} / ${fs_free_perc /home}%  ${fs_bar 6 /home}
/k3asd   (vg02-lv01):  ${fs_free /home/k3asd} / ${fs_free_perc /home/k3asd}%  ${fs_bar 6 /home/k3asd}
#/opt   (vg02-lv02):  ${fs_free /opt} / ${fs_free_perc /opt}%  ${fs_bar 6 /opt}
#/var   (vg02-lv03):  ${fs_free /var} / ${fs_free_perc /var}%  ${fs_bar 6 /var}

${color0}NETWORK > ${addr wlan0} ${hr 1}$color
${downspeedgraph wlan0 15,150 ffffff 00A2FF}  ${upspeedgraph wlan0 15,150 ffffff 00A2FF}
Down / Up Speed:  ${downspeed wlan0} k/s  /  ${upspeed wlan0} k/s
Down / Up Bytes:  ${totaldown wlan0}  /  ${totalup wlan0}
Inbound / Outbound / Total: ${tcp_portmon 1 32767 count}  /  ${tcp_portmon 32768 61000 count}  /  ${tcp_portmon 1 65535 count}

Clearly we are making changes such as positioning. In my case it is set up right or you can change the paths to check the available space on hard drives (internal and external), or again you can change the network interface used to monitor the traffic (in my case wlan0 ).

To disable an item you can use the pound " # ".

Definitely start at each reboot or startup of the system is rather inconvenient. We can solve by creating a file with .sh with within this content.

sleep 20 && conky

We are saying to conky to start 20 seconds after starting gnome. Saved and given execute permission if not present.

chmod +x /home/user/conky.sh

Without this, if you use gnome go to System - Startup Applications and create a shortcut boot.

In the description you are free to put anything you want, in the command instead go through the appropriate Browse button to select the file you previously created or conky.sh. You should have no problems.

Clarification: that command conky sleep 20 && conky set because I had teething problems. I was started before the gnome desktop was fully loaded. The side effect was the fact that once loaded the wallpaper was like conky remained "under" it. With that command but I resolved. Of course you can set a lower latency, such as 15 to 10 - 5. Depends.

This is my conky started:

Safety is a key factor to be reckoned with in the IT field. Iptables firewall is configured by command line, highly customizable, yet sturdy and we will have a degree at least effective to control our traffic network.

A computer connected to the Internet is able to continuously exchange data (packets) of various kinds. It is thanks to the firewall that we will determine the routes that packets will do exactly as we set the filtering.

Iptables is a good solution in the professional and home that allows us a good level of security without complex changes and upheavals. We all configure policy settings according to our specific machine settings.

The premise is that the following configuration was applied to Archlinux but with small steps is valid for any operating system GNU / Linux. The exceptions are in the opening of the demon. To give a practical example on Ubuntu / Debian will be inserted instead of rc.d - init.d

To verify that there are no traces of previous configurations give commands as root

iptables -L otherwise verbose mode iptables -vv -L

If the fields that appear are not populated, you can proceed with configuration. Inziamo with block traffic from outside. Attention because with this command displays navigation.

iptables -P INPUT DROP

Time to drop even forwarding packets. We'll then set the options for that purpose.

iptables -P FORWARD DROP

From now on, start the actual configuration of the firewall. Enable forwarding packets locally.

iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

We did not merely enable traffic through the interface ( loopback ) in our car.

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED, RELATED -j ACCEPT

Use this command to enable browsing but also do so to receive packets only if we have requested them. The prime example is the request for a webpage.

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

Now we are simply applying the filtering according to the services and ports associated with them. In the input given above is an active ssh server. In the above command, there are variations such as if you are using P2P software is also important that the UDP protocol. Will simply populated the field after the-p option with inserimeto UDP. ( iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dort 4672 -j ACCEPT )

You can add more ports depending on the services that are active on your machine. Remember that misconfiguration of the firewall can block all browsing or block at the moment (until resolved) ftp or web services.

To save the settings you must give the command as root  /etc/rc.d/iptables save

Now we start the daemon with its /etc/rc.d/iptables start | stop | restart

You will also need to keep it between the demons in the configuration file that will be read at every system startup.

cut  /etc/rc.conf

Must first enter the network so that connection is initiated before they ever received and sent packets before the firewall.

Here is the final result:

iptables -vv -L

This is called a basic configuration that implements a sufficient level of security. Clearly if you have the need for solutions far more complex, I refer you to the project's home page or simply by typing man iptables in the console.