Wikipedia classifies the GNU / Linux distributions in this way:

A Linux distribution, also called the distro, is a software distribution that includes a Linux kernel and a variable pattern of other tools and applications software, whether freeware, open source or commercial. These distributions also include software tools that guide you through the process of installing the system. Have recently begun to spread so-called live distributions, which do not require installation, and whose bootstrap can be performed directly from media such as CD, DVD or pen drive.

Companies like Red Hat, Novell (for SUSE), Mandriva and Canonical Ltd (for Ubuntu) and community projects such as Debian, Slackware and Gentoo, assemble and test the various software components delivering customized distribution and varied, most of them free. There are currently over 300 Linux distribution projects in active development, review and improvement, which differ in design decisions, such as various software maintenance system for installing, removing, and configuring the software.

So, as ascertained a moment ago, this section describes in detail the major GNU / Linux, with its screenshots, news, mailing lists, bug reporting, tutorials and everything related to the production and comprehension of ethics which shows the world open source and free software. Will be implemented not just the section dedicated to the culture that is necessarily common and shared by all those wishing to embrace this world.

The GNU / Linux that we will see are ones currently used. We will also exursus also on the work on a strip thyself.

• ArchLinux

Arch Linux is a distribution dedicated to users who have already gained some familiarity with GNU / Linux, and especially with the command line. One of its features is precisely to be fully configurable by the user since the first installation, for example, the distro is supplied without a Desktop Environment.

Official home: http://www.archlinux.org

• CentOS

CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is an enterprise-class platform derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the latter is released under the GPL and therefore, even if it is a commercial distribution (it's for sale in the form of CD tracks), must issue the sources from which refers to the CentOS operating system. The essential differences are therefore non-official support and the removal of various artwork (as the same logo of Red Hat) and trademark protected by trademark.

Official home: http://www.centos.org

• Damn Small Linux

As you might guess from the name, this distribution is damn small! And 'in fact devoted to computers with x86 architecture without major benefits: it requires 16 MB of RAM and a storage device of 50 MB. Damn Small Linux can indeed be performed not only on hard disk or CD-ROM, but also on CompactFlash cards or USB sticks.

Official home : http://www.damnsmalllinux.org

• Debian

Debian is one of the oldest distributions still in use today. Founded in 1993 by Ian Murdock's work, this distribution is developed entirely by volunteers from around the world. Among the features of this distribution is the rigidity it about the politics of free software, and the stability that has made her one of the operating systems used in server environment, this policy is sometimes criticized, since for maximum stability long intervals of time elapsing between the release of a version and the next. This distribution is also known for APT package manager, which makes any simple installation.

Official home: http://www.debian.org

• Fedora

Fedora is developed by the Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat. Often this distribution is used as a laboratory for experiments in the future functions that could be integrated into Red Hat and 'distributed very easy to use and update, the main feature to make a system operational user-friendly, as Fedora.

Official home: http://fedoraproject.org

• Gentoo Linux

This distribution is known to be completely customizable and configurable in every aspect. The Portage package management system makes it possible to install applications compiled from source. This causes the operating system plasmas hardware on which it is installed, maximizing performance. Obviously, as there often (or almost always) the need to complete, is not suitable for novice Linux.

Official home: http://www.gentoo.org

• Mandriva Linux

Born as derived from Red Hat, Mandriva today is totally independent and is available in both commercial and free version. Another important division is between Discovery and PowerPack and versions, the first dedicated to the novices, the second to experts.

Official home: http://www.mandrivalinux.com

• Slackware

This version is the same age as Debian, since it was created also in 1993, by Patrick Volkerding. Slackware tends to be slim and elegant, using simple configuration tools from the command line. The system's package management is pkgtools which, although simple to use, is not able to satisfy dependencies automatically.

Official home: http://www.slackware.com

• SUSE

SUSE has the intention to be a user-friendly and delivery oriented mainly toward Windows users, this distribution, in fact, supports a tool to resize NTFS partitions, as well as the recognition and installation of Windows drivers for many modems in addition, also the desktop environment is similar to the operating system in Redmond. SUSE uses a program of system administration, YaST2 that allows the system configuration, operation and management of that software in a simple and intuitive.

Official home: http://www.novell.com/linux/suse

• Ubuntu

The motto and the meaning of the name in a few words encompass the intent of this distribution. The motto " Linux for Human Beings " is an indication that Ubuntu is meant for all human beings, that offers a user-friendly easy to use even for people who are completely strangers to GNU / Linux. The meaning of the name (an ancient African word), however, describes the philosophy on which it is based distros, Ubuntu in fact means  " humanity towards others ". This distribution is updated with the release of a new version every 6 months and the package manager is apt that has in common with Debian, which Ubuntu is a derivative.

Derivative versions. Some varieties derived from Ubuntu that gets its name from a different desktop environment installed by default, namely Kubuntu (KDE) and Xubuntu (XFCE), should also be remembered Edubuntu, oriented school environments.

Official home: http://www.ubuntu.com

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